• CBC introduces career-focused pathways: STEM, Social Sciences, Arts & Sports.

  • Learners select electives to match skills, interests, and workforce needs.

When Kenya rolls out the Competency‑Based Curriculum (CBC) for senior secondary (Grades 10–12) in January 2026, learners will not just be studying subjects they will be stepping into careers.

For the first time, students will specialize early, choosing pathways that point them directly toward professions. The Ministry of Education has mapped out three clear routes: Science, Tech, Engineering, Math (STEM), Social Sciences, and Arts & Sports Science.

STEM Pathway: Building Innovators and Scientists

Learners who thrive in science and technology will find themselves on the STEM track. Here, subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Computer Science, and Aviation Technology prepare them for careers as engineers, doctors, IT specialists, pilots, researchers, and technologists.

This pathway is central to Kenya’s industrialization goals, equipping the next generation of innovators and problem‑solvers.

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Social Sciences Pathway: Shaping Leaders and Thinkers

For those drawn to humanities and leadership, the Social Sciences pathway opens doors to careers in law, business, diplomacy, teaching, and journalism. Subjects such as History & Citizenship, Geography, Business Studies, Literature, and foreign languages sharpen communication and analytical skills.

This track nurtures the professionals who will guide policy, manage economies, and tell Kenya’s stories.

Arts & Sports Science Pathway: Nurturing Talent and Creativity

Learners with artistic or athletic strengths will thrive in the Arts & Sports Science pathway. With subjects like Fine Art, Theatre & Film, Music & Dance, Sports & Recreation, and Creative Writing, students can pursue careers as artists, musicians, actors, sports coaches, physiotherapists, media professionals, and fashion designers.

This pathway celebrates creativity and physical talent, preparing learners for Kenya’s growing cultural and sports industries.

The CBC, introduced in 2017 by the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD), shifts education from rote memorization to building competencies in analytical thinking, creativity, digital literacy, and problem‑solving.

At senior secondary, students will take seven examinable subjects: five compulsory — English, Kiswahili or Kenya Sign Language, Mathematics, Community Service Learning, and Physical Education plus electives chosen from their pathway. Unlike the old 8‑4‑4 system, CBC allows flexibility: a budding entrepreneur in tech can combine STEM subjects with business electives.

Experts believe this approach will strengthen Kenya’s workforce by aligning education with real‑world needs. They caution, however, that success will depend on resources like laboratories, trained teachers, and sports facilities.

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